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6641
2006-09-12 18:47:47
lion
ºÎ°¡Àǹ®¹®¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿©(ÇнÀÀÚ·á)
ºÎ°¡ Àǹ®¹®(Tag Questions)
Part I ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â [A]ÀÇ ¹®Àåµé¿¡ ÀûÀýÇÑ ºÎ°¡Àǹ®¹®(tag question)À» ¸¸µé¾î º¸°í, [B]¿¡ Á¦½ÃµÈ ´ä°ú ´Ù¸£°Å³ª Ȥ °°´Ù ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ ¿Ö ±×·±Áö¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¾Ë°í ½Í´Ù¸é, Part II ¿¡ Á¦½ÃµÈ ºÎ°¡Àǹ®¹® ¹®Á¦µéÀ» ¸ÕÀú Á÷Á¢ Ç®¾îº¸°í Part III ÀÇ ¼³¸í°ú ºñ±³ÇØ º¸ÀÚ.


Part I: Warming-up
[A] a. There weren't any mistakes, _____?
b. A person shouldn't do such things, _____?
c. I'm pretty smart, _____?
d. You must try harder, _____?
e. That's your chemistry professor, _____?
f. I don't think Jim is smart, _____?

[B] (a) were there?
(b) should they?
(c) right?
(d) ºÎ°¡Àǹ®¹® ºÒ°¡
(e) isn't he?
(f) is he?



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Part II: Exercise
(´ÙÀ½ ÀÚ·á Áß ¸¹Àº °ÍÀº Fillmore ±³¼ö´ÔÀÇ °­ÀÇ¿¡¼­ µµ¿òÀ» ¹Þ¾ÒÀ½À» ¹Ì¸® ¹àÇôµÐ´Ù.)

(1)  You can see it, _____?
(2)  You can't see it from here, _____?
(3)  We could do it, _____?
(4)  They couldn't see us, _____?
(5)  She is coming soon, _____?
(6)  It wasn't raining then, _____?
(7)  She was near the end, _____?
(8)  They weren't ready, _____?
(9)  You wrote this yourself, _____?
(10) You didn't write this yourself, _____?
(11) They have finished their homework, _____?
(12) He hasn't met her, _____?
(13) She has two brothers, _____?
(14) The police are coming soon, _____?
(15) Your brother should know better, _____?
(16) A person shouldn't do such things, _____?
(17) There weren't any mistakes, _____?
(18) There is a bug in your soup, _____?
(19) He'd probably eat it, _____?
(20) He'd probably eaten it, _____?
(21) He'd rather stay here, _____?
(22) He'd better stay here, _____?
(23) He'd probably put it there, _____?
(24) She's proving it, _____?
(25) She's proven it, _____?
(26) He ain't your brother, _____?
(27) He ain't been here before, _____?
(28) I'm not really ugly, _____?
(29) I'm pretty smart, _____?
(30) It may rain tonight, _____?
(31) You must try harder, _____?
(32) He must try harder, _____?
(33) That's not what you mean, _____?
(34) That's your chemistry professor, _____?
(35) John regrets that she likes you, _____?
(36) I think he likes you, _____?
(37) I don't think he likes you, _____?



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Part III: Explanation
1. ¿¹¹® (1-4)
(1)  You can see it, _____?
(2)  You can't see it from here, _____?
(3)  We could do it, _____?
(4)  They couldn't see us, _____?

[1] ºÎ°¡Àǹ®¹®:
(1) can't you? (2) can you? (3) couldn't we? (4) could they?

[2] ºÎ°¡Àǹ®¹®ÀÇ ±ÔÄ¢


Á¶µ¿»ç¸¦ º¹»çÇÏ¿© ¹®Àå µÚ¿¡ ³õ´Â´Ù.
Á¶µ¿»çÀÇ ºÎÁ¤±Ø¼ºÀ» ¹Ù²ãÁØ´Ù: ±àÁ¤Àº ºÎÁ¤À¸·Î ±×¸®°í ºÎÁ¤Àº ±àÁ¤À¸·Î
[Á¶µ¿»ç + not]Àº Ãà¾àÇüÀ¸·Î ¸¸µç´Ù
Á־ º¹»çÇÏ¿© [Á¶µ¿»ç (+not)]ÀÇ µÚ¿¡ ³õ´Â´Ù.
Àǹ®ºÎÈ£¸¦ ¸¶Áö¸·¿¡ ³õ´Â´Ù.
[3] ¼³¸í

[Á¶µ¿»ç + not]À» Ãà¾àÇüÀ¸·Î ¸¸µéÁö ¾Ê´Â °æ¿ì ºñ¹®ÀÌ µÈ´Ù. (3)°ú (3')À» ºñ±³ÇØ º¸¸é À¯ÀÏÇÑ Â÷ÀÌ´Â [could not]ÀÇ Ãà¾à ¿©ºÎÀÌ´Ù. (3)°ú °°ÀÌ Ãà¾àÀÌ µÇ¸é ¹®¹ýÀûÀÎ ¹®ÀåÀÌ µÇ°í, (3')°ú °°ÀÌ Ãà¾àÀÌ µÇ¾î ÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é ºñ¹®ÀÌ µÈ´Ù. ÀÌ ¹®Á¦´Â µÚ¿¡¼­ ´Ù½Ã ÀÚ¼¼È÷ ´Ù·çµµ·Ï ÇÏ°Ú´Ù.
(3)   We could do it, couldn't we?
(3') *We could do it, could not we? ["*"´Â ±× ¹®ÀåÀÌ ºñ¹®¹ýÀûÀÓÀ» ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù]


[can not]Àº Çö´ë¿µ¾î¿¡¼­´Â can notÀ¸·Î ¾²Áö ¾Ê°í cannotÀ̳ª can't·Î ¾´´Ù.
can/could¿Í °°Àº Á¶µ¿»ç·Î´Â must, may/might, will/would, shall/should µîÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.

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2. ¿¹¹® (5-8)
(5)  She is coming soon, _____?
(6)  It wasn't raining then, _____?
(7)  She was near the end, _____?
(8)  They weren't ready, _____>

[1] ºÎ°¡Àǹ®¹®:
(5) isn't she? (6) was it? (7) wasn't she? (8) were they?

[2] be µ¿»ç

Á¶µ¿»ç·Î¼­ÀÇ be µ¿»ç: ÁøÇàÇüÀ̳ª ¼öµ¿Å¸¦ ¸¸µå´Âµ¥ ¾²ÀδÙ.
(5')
a. The police are coming soon.
b. The man was arrested by the police.



º»µ¿»ç·Î¼­ÀÇ be µ¿»ç
(7) She is pretty.


be µ¿»ç´Â Á¶µ¿»ç·Î ¾²ÀÌµç º»µ¿»ç·Î ¾²À̵ç Àǹ®¹®, ºÎÁ¤¹®, ºÎ°¡Àǹ®¹® µî°ú °ü·ÃÇÏ¿© Á¶µ¿»ç¿Í °°Àº ±â´ÉÀ» ÇÑ´Ù.

¿µ¾î¿¡¼­ ÇϳªÀÇ µ¿»ç°¡ °®À» ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÀÌÇüÅ´ µ¿»ç¿¡ µû¶ó 3°¡Áö¿¡¼­ 8°¡Áö±îÁö °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, µ¿»ç hitÀº hit(¿øÇü, ÇöÀç, °ú°Å, °ú°ÅºÐ»ç), hits(3ÀÎĪ ´Ü¼ö ÇöÀç), hitting(ÇöÀçºÐ»ç)ÀÇ 3°¡Áö ÀÌÇüŸ¦ °¡Áú ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¿µ¾î¿¡¼­ 8°¡ÁöÀÇ ÀÌÇüŸ¦ °¡Áú ¼ö ÀÖ´Â À¯ÀÏÇÑ µ¿»ç´Â be µ¿»ç»ÓÀÌ´Ù: be, am, are, is, was, were, been, being.

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3. ¿¹¹® (9-10)
(9)  You wrote this yourself, _____?
(10) You didn't write this yourself, _____?

[1] ºÎ°¡Àǹ®¹®:
(9) didn't you? (10) did you?

[2] ¼³¸í

(9)ÀÇ ¿¹¹®°ú °°ÀÌ Á¶µ¿»ç°¡ ¾ø´Â °æ¿ì¿¡, ºÎÁ¤/Àǹ®/ºÎ°¡Àǹ® µî Á¶µ¿»ç¸¦ ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÏ´Â ±¸¹®¿¡¼­´Â µ¿»ç do¸¦ ÁÖ¾îÀÇ ÀÎĪ°ú ¼ö ±×¸®°í µ¿»çÀÇ ½ÃÁ¦¿¡ ¸ÂÃç Á¶µ¿»çÀÇ À§Ä¡¿¡ ÷°¡ÇÑ´Ù.
(10)ÀÇ ¿¹¹®¿¡¼­´Â µ¿»ç do°¡ Á¶µ¿»ç·Î ¾²ÀÌ°í ÀÖ´Ù.

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4. ¿¹¹® (11-13)
(11) They have finished their homework, _____?
(12) He hasn't met her, _____?
(13) She has two brothers, _____?

[1] ºÎ°¡Àǹ®¹®:
(11) haven't they? (12) has he? (13) doesn't she?

[2] have µ¿»ç


Á¶µ¿»ç·Î¼­ÀÇ have µ¿»ç: ¿Ï·áÇüÀ» ¸¸µå´Âµ¥ ¾²ÀδÙ. (¿¹, (11-12) ÂüÁ¶)
º»µ¿»ç·Î¼­ÀÇ have µ¿»ç (¿¹, (13) ÂüÁ¶)
Á¶µ¿»ç·Î¼­ÀÇ have µ¿»ç´Â ´Ù¸¥ Á¶µ¿»ç¿Í °°Àº ¹®¹ýÀû ÇàŸ¦ º¸ÀδÙ.
º»µ¿»ç·Î¼­ÀÇ have µ¿»ç´Â ¹Ì±¹¿µ¾î¿Í ¿µ±¹¿µ¾î¿¡¼­ Â÷À̸¦ º¸ÀδÙ.
¹Ì±¹¿µ¾î¿¡¼­´Â ÀϹݵ¿»ç¿Í °°ÀÌ Ãë±ÞÇÏ´Â °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ Á¶µ¿»ç°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ±¸¹®¿¡¼­´Â µ¿»ç doÀÇ ÀûÀýÇÑ ÇüÅ°¡ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù.
¿µ±¹¿µ¾î¿¡¼­´Â º»µ¿»ç·Î ¾²ÀÌ´Â have µ¿»çµµ Á¶µ¿»ç¸¦ ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÏ´Â ±¸¹®¿¡¼­´Â Á¶µ¿»çó·³ Ãë±ÞÇÏ´Â °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
(13') a. She doesn't have the book. (¹Ì±¹¿µ¾î)
b. She hasn't the book. (¿µ±¹¿µ¾î)
(13") a. Does she have the book? (¹Ì±¹¿µ¾î)
b. Has she the book? (¿µ±¹¿µ¾î)

µû¶ó¼­ (13)ÀÇ ºÎ°¡Àǹ®¹®Àº (13a, b)¿Í °°ÀÌ µÎ °¡Áö ÇüÅ·Π³ªÅ¸³¯ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
(13) a. She has two brothers, doesn't she? (¹Ì±¹¿µ¾î)
b. She has two brothers, hasn't she? (¿µ±¹¿µ¾î)

¹Ì±¹¿µ¾î¿Í ¿µ±¹¿µ¾î´Â ¹ßÀ½, ´Ü¾î, ¹®¹ý µî¿¡¼­ Â÷À̸¦ º¸À̱⵵ ÇÑ´Ù. ¹Ì±¹¿µ¾î³ª ¿µ±¹¿µ¾î ¾î´Â °ÍÀ» ½áµµ ÁÁÀ¸³ª, Áß¿äÇÑ °ÍÀº ÀÏ°ü¼ºÀÌ ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Áï, ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¿µ¾î°¡ ¹Ì±¹¿µ¾îÀ̸é ÀÏ°ü¼º ÀÖ°Ô ¹Ì±¹½Ä ¿µ¾î¸¦ ½á¾ß ÇÏ°í, ¶Ç ¿µ±¹¿µ¾î¶ó¸é ÀÏ°ü¼º ÀÖ°Ô ¿µ±¹½Ä ¿µ¾î¸¦ ¾²´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ´Ù.

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5. ¿¹¹® (14-16)
(14) The police are coming soon, _____?
(15) Your brother should know better, _____?
(16) A person shouldn't do such things, _____?

[1] ºÎ°¡Àǹ®¹®:
(14) shouldn't he? (15) aren't they? (16) ?

[2] ¼³¸í


ºÎ°¡Àǹ®¹®ÀÇ ÁÖ¾î
1.[2].[D]¿¡¼­ Á־ º¹»çÇ϶ó°í Çߴµ¥, ±×·² °æ¿ì ´ÙÀ½¿¡¼­ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °Í°ú °°ÀÌ ºñ¹®ÀÌ µÈ´Ù.
(14') *The police are coming soon, aren't the police?
(15') *Your brother should know better, shouldn't your brother?

µû¶ó¼­ ¿ì¸®´Â 1.[2].[D]ÀÇ °ü·ÃµÈ ºÎºÐÀ» ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¼öÁ¤ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù: Á־ ÁÖ°Ý´ë¸í»ç ÇüÅ·Πº¹»çÇÑ´Ù.
(14) The police are coming soon, aren't they?
(15) Your brother should know better, shouldn't he?

Gender ¹®Á¦
¿µ¾î ´ë¸í»ç¿¡¼­ ³²/¿© ¼ºÀÇ ±¸º°À» º¸ÀÌ´Â °ÍÀº 3ÀÎĪ ´Ü¼ö»ÓÀÌ´Ù.
(14)ÀÇ ÁÖ¾î´Â º¹¼öÀÌ°í (15)ÀÇ ÁÖ¾î´Â 3ÀÎĪ ´Ü¼öÀ̱â´Â ÇÏÁö¸¸ ³²¼ºÀÌ ºÐ¸íÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ °¢°¢ they¿Í he·Î ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸³ª, (16)ÀÇ ÁÖ¾î´Â 3ÀÎĪ ´Ü¼ö·Î ³²/¿© ¼ºÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³ª ÀÖÁö ¾Ê±â ¶§¹®¿¡ he¿Í she »çÀÌ¿¡ ¼±ÅÃÀÇ ¹®Á¦°¡ Á¦±âµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
ÀüÅëÀûÀ¸·Î´Â he/sheÀÇ ¼±ÅÃÀÌ ¹®Á¦°¡ µÉ ¶§ ³²¼ºÇüÀÎ he¸¦ »ç¿ëÇØ ¿Ô´Ù. µû¶ó¼­(16)¿¡ ÀûÀýÇÑ ºÎ°¡Àǹ® ÇüÅ´ (16a)°¡ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
(16) a. A person shouldn't do such things, should he?


ÃÖ±Ù¿¡ feminism ¿îµ¿ÀÌ ÀϾ¸é¼­ a person, everyone, a student¿Í °°ÀÌ ³²/³à ¼ºÀÌ ¹àÇôÁöÁö ¾ÊÀº °æ¿ì¸¦ ´ë¸í»ç·Î ¹ÞÀ» ¶§´Â, ÀüÅëÀûÀÎ he¿¡¼­ ¹þ¾î³ª he or she, he/she µîÀÇ ´ë¾ÈµéÀÌ ¾²ÀÌ°í ÀÖÀ¸³ª ºÎ°¡Àǹ®¹®ÀÌ ±¸¾îüÀÇ ¼º°ÝÀÌ °­ÇÑ ±¸¹®À̶ó´Â Á¡À» °í·ÁÇÒ ¶§ he or she³ª he/she¸¦ ¾²´Â °ÍÀº ºÎÀûÀýÇØ º¸ÀδÙ.
ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¹®Á¦ÀÇ ´ë¾ÈÀ¸·Î µîÀåÇÑ °ÍÀÌ º¹¼öÀÇ theyÀÌ´Ù. ¿µ¾î¿¡¼­ ¼öÀÇ ÀÏÄ¡´Â °­·ÂÇÑ ¹®¹ýÀû ¿ä±¸»çÇ×À̱â´Â ÇÏÁö¸¸, ¼öÀÇ ÀÏÄ¡¸¦ ¾î±â´õ¶óµµ ³²³àÆòµîÀ̶ó´Â »çȸÀû ¿ä±¸¿¡ µû¶ó ¾ð¾î°¡ ÀûÀÀÇØ °¡´Â Çö»óÀ¸·Î º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ (16)¿¡ ÀûÀýÇÑ ¶Ç ÇÏÀÇ ºÎ°¡Àǹ®¹®Àº (16b)°¡ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ÃÖ±Ù¿¡´Â ³²/³à ¼ºÀÌ ¹àÇôÁöÁö ¾ÊÀº 3ÀÎĪ ´Ü¼öÀÇ ´ë¸í»ç·Î they¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ºÎ°¡Àǹ®¹®¿¡¼­ »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¿µ¾îÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ °÷¿¡¼­µµ ÈçÈ÷ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Çö»óÀÌ´Ù.
(16) b. A person shouldn't do such things, should they?



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6. ¿¹¹® (17-18)
(17) There weren't any mistakes, _____?
(18) There is a bug in your soup, _____?

[1] ºÎ°¡Àǹ®¹®:
(17) were there? (18) isn't there?

[2] ´ë¸í»ç ÁÖ¾î¿Í there


(1-16)ÀÇ ºÎ°¡Àǹ®¹®¿¡¼­´Â Á־ ´ë¸í»ç ÇüÅ·Π³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù.
(17-18)¿¡¼­´Â ¼öÀÇ ÀÏÄ¡¸¦ ¾ß±âÇÏ´Â be µ¿»ç ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ ¸í»ç±¸¸¦ ´ë¸í»çÈ­ÇÏ¿© ºÎ°¡Àǹ®¹®À» ¸¸µé¸é ºñ¹®ÀÌ µÈ´Ù.
(17) a. *There weren't any mistakes, were they?
(18) a. *There is a bug in your soup, isn't it?


(17-18)°ú °°Àº ¹®Àå¿¡ ¾²ÀÎ thereÀº ´ë¸í»ç°¡ ¾Æ´Ï±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ºÎ°¡Àǹ®¹®ÀÇ ÁÖ°Ý´ë¸í»ç ÁÖ¾î¶ó´Â Á¦¾à¿¡ ¿¹¿Ü°¡ µÇÁö¸¸ ºÎ°¡Àǹ®¹®¿¡ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù.

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7. ¿¹¹® (19-23)
(19) He'd probably eat it, _____?
(20) He'd probably eaten it, _____?
(21) He'd rather stay here, _____?
(22) He'd better stay here, _____?
(23) He'd probably put it there, _____?

[1] ºÎ°¡Àǹ®¹®:
(19) wouldn't he? (20) hadn't he? (21) wouldn't he? (22) hadn't he? (23) ?

[2] ¼³¸í


¿µ¾î¿¡¼­ 'd·Î Ãà¾àµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀº would, should, hadÀÌ´Ù.
(19-20)¿¡¼­´Â probably°¡ Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡ 'd°¡ shouldÀÏ °¡´É¼ºÀº ¹èÁ¦µÈ´Ù.
would¿Í had´Â ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ µ¿»ç°¡ °¢°¢ ¿øÇü°ú °ú°ÅºÐ»ç·Î ³ªÅ¸³­´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ µ¿»ç¿øÇüÀÌ ¾²ÀÎ (19)ÀÇ 'd´Â wouldÀÌ°í °ú°ÅºÐ»ç°¡ ¾²ÀÎ (20)ÀÇ 'd´Â hadÀÓÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
(19) He'd probably eat it, wouldn't he?
(20) He'd probably eaten it, hadn't he?


(21-22)¿¡¼­´Â µ¿»çÀÇ ÇüÅ°¡ °°Áö¸¸ would rather¿Í had better¶ó´Â ¼÷¾î°¡ Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡ (21)ÀÇ 'd´Â wouldÀÌ°í (22)ÀÇ 'd´Â hadÀÓÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
(21) You'd rather stay here, wouldn't you?
(22) You'd better stay here, hadn't you?

(23)¿¡¼­´Â rather/betterµµ ¾ø°í putÀº µ¿»ç¿øÇü°ú °ú°ÅºÐ»ç°¡ °°Àº ÇüÅ·Π³ªÅ¸³ª±â ¶§¹®¿¡ 'd°¡ wouldÀÎÁö hadÀÎÁö´Â ¾ÕµÚ¹®¸ÆÀ» ÅëÇؼ­¸¸ ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ (23)ÀÇ ÀûÀýÇÑ ºÎ°¡Àǹ®¹®Àº ¾ÕµÚ¹®¸ÆÀ» ¾Ë¾Æ¾ß¸¸ ¸»ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
(23) a. He'd probably put it there, wouldn't he?
b. He'd probably put it there, hadn't he?



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8. ¿¹¹® (24-25)
(24) She's proving it, _____?
(25) She's proven it, _____?

[1] ºÎ°¡Àǹ®¹®:
(24) isn't she? (25) hasn't she?

[2] ¼³¸í

¿µ¾î¿¡¼­ 's·Î Ãà¾àµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀº is¿Í has »ÓÀÌ´Ù. wasµµ 's·Î Ãà¾àµÉ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °Í °°ÀÌ º¸À̳ª Ãà¾àµÇÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ 're´Â areÀÇ Ãà¾àÇüÀº µÇÁö¸¸ wereÀÇ Ãà¾àÇüÀ¸·Î´Â ¾²ÀÌÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù.
ÇöÀçºÐ»ç¿Í °°ÀÌ ¾²ÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â µ¿»ç´Â is¿Í hasÁß ÁøÇàÇüÀ» ¸¸µå´Â isÀ̱⠶§¹®¿¡ (24)ÀÇ 's´Â isÀÌ´Ù.
(24) She's proving it, isn't she?


°ú°ÅºÐ»ç´Â is¿Í has µÑ ´Ù¿Í °°ÀÌ ¾²ÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸³ª is°¡ ¾²ÀÌ¸é ¼öµ¿ÅÂÀÌ°í has°¡ ¾²ÀÌ¸é ¿Ï·áÇüÀÌ´Ù. (25)´Â ¼öµ¿Å ¹®ÀåÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¹Ç·Î (25)ÀÇ 's´Â hasÀÌ´Ù.
(25) She's proven it, hasn't she?


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9. ¿¹¹® (26-27)
(26) He ain't your brother, _____?
(27) He ain't been here before, _____?

[1] ºÎ°¡Àǹ®¹®:
(26) is he? (27) has he?

[2] ¼³¸í


ain't´Â beµ¿»çÀÇ ÇöÀçÇü am/is/are³ª haveµ¿»çÀÇ ÇöÀçÇü have/has¿Í notÀÇ Ãà¾àÇüÀ¸·Î ¾²À̱⵵ Çϴµ¥, ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î Ç¥ÁØÇüÀ¸·Î ÀÎÁ¤µÇÁö´Â ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
(26-27)ÀÇ ain't´Â Á־ 3ÀÎĪ ´Ü¼öÀ̴ϱî is not ȤÀº has notÀÇ Ãà¾àÇüÀ¸·Î º¼ ¼ö Àִµ¥, (26)ÀÇ ain't´Â 2Çü½Ä ¹®ÀåÀ̴ϱî is notÀÇ Ãà¾àÇüÀÌ°í (27)ÀÇ ain't´Â ¿Ï·á±¸¹®À̴ϱî has notÀÇ Ãà¾àÇüÀÌ´Ù.

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10. ¿¹¹® (28-30)
(28) I'm not really ugly, _____?
(29) I'm pretty smart, _____?
(30) It may rain tonight, _____?

[1] ºÎ°¡Àǹ®¹®:
(28) am I? (29) right? (30) mightn't it?

[2] ¼³¸í

am notÀÇ Ãà¾à¹®Á¦
am notÀº Ãà¾àÇüÀÌ ¾ø°í ºÎ°¡Àǹ®¹®¿¡¼­´Â [Á¶µ¿»ç+not]ÀÌ ¹Ýµå½Ã Ãà¾àÇüÀ¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³ª¾ß Çϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ am notÀº ºÎ°¡Àǹ®¹®¿¡¼­ »ç¿ëµÉ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.
am notÀÌ Ãà¾àÇüÀ» ½á¾ß ÇÑ´Ù¸é ain't³ª aren't°¡ »ç¿ëµÉ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
(29) a. I'm pretty smart, ain't I?
b. I'm pretty smart, aren't I?


ºÎ°¡Àǹ®¹®ÀÇ ±â´É°ú ÇüÅÂ: ºÎ°¡Àǹ®¹®Àº ±â´É»ó Å©°Ô 3°¡Áö·Î ºÐ·ùµÈ´Ù.
º¸ÅëÀÇ(regular) ºÎ°¡Àǹ®¹®
ºÎ°¡Àǹ®¹®ÀÇ ÀüÇüÀûÀÎ ±â´ÉÀº ´Ü¼øÈ÷ Áú¹®À» ÇÏ´Â ´Ù¸¥ Àǹ®¹®°ú´Â ´Þ¸® ¸»ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷ÀÌ ÁÖÀýÀÇ ³»¿ë¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¸Â´Ù°í »ý°¢Çϸ鼭 µè´Â »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô ±×·¯ÇÑ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ »ý°¢¿¡ ´ëÇØ µ¿ÀǸ¦ ±¸ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ºÎ°¡Àǹ®¹®Àº ºÎÁ¤ÀÇ ±Ø¼ºÀÌ ¹Ù²ï´Ù (±àÁ¤Àº ºÎÁ¤À¸·Î; ºÎÁ¤Àº ±àÁ¤À¸·Î).
ºÎ°¡Àǹ®¹®ÀÇ ÀÚ¸®¿¡ ¾²ÀÌ´Â right?´Â ±×·¯ÇÑ ºÎ°¡Àǹ®¹®ÀÇ ±â´É°ú ¸Å¿ì À¯»çÇÏ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­, (29)¿Í °°ÀÌ ºÎ°¡Àǹ®¹®À» ¸¸µé±â ¾î·Á¿î »óȲ¿¡¼­´Â right?¸¦ ¾²¸é ºÎ°¡Àǹ®¹®°ú °°Àº È¿°ú¸¦ °¡Á®¿Â´Ù.
(29) I am pretty smart, right?

µµÀüÀû(challenging) ºÎ°¡Àǹ®¹®
ºÎ°¡Àǹ®¹®Àº ¶ÇÇÑ »ó´ë°¡ ÇÑ ¸»¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¹Ï±âÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù´Â Àǻ縦 Ç¥½ÃÇϱâ À§Çؼ­ »ç¿ëµÇ±âµµ Çϴµ¥ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ºÎ°¡Àǹ®¹®À» µµÀüÀû ºÎ°¡Àǹ®¹®À̶ó°í ÇÑ´Ù.
µµÀüÀû ºÎ°¡Àǹ®¹®Àº, ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ Speaker BÀÇ ¿¹¿¡¼­ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖµíÀÌ, º¸ÅëÀÇ ºÎ°¡Àǹ®¹®°ú´Â ´Þ¸® ºÎÁ¤ÀÇ ±Ø¼ºÀ» ¹Ù²ÙÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
Speaker A: I finished my homework.
Speaker B: You finished your homework, did you? (µµÀüÀû ºÎ°¡Àǹ®¹®)

ÀÚ°¢(self-realization)ÀÇ ºÎ°¡Àǹ®¹®
ºÎ°¡Àǹ®¹®Àº ¸»ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷ÀÌ ÀØ°í ÀÖ´ø »ç½ÇÀ» ½º½º·Î »ý°¢Çس½ °ÍÀ» Ç¥ÇöÇϱâ À§Çؼ­µµ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù.
ÀÚ°¢ÀÇ ºÎ°¡Àǹ®¹®Àº ÇüÅ»óÀ¸·Î´Â º¸ÅëÀÇ ºÎ°¡Àǹ®¹®°ú °°´Ù.
John came last night, didn't he?´Â ¸»ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷ÀÌ JohnÀÌ ¾îÁ¦ ¹ã¿¡ ¿Ô´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀ» ÀØ°í ÀÖ´Ù ½º½º·Î ±× »ç½ÇÀ» »ý°¢Çس»¸é¼­ ¸» ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
(30)ÀÇ may
»çÀü¿¡´Â may notÀÇ Ãà¾àÇüÀ¸·Î mayn't°¡ ³ª¿ÍÀÖ±â´Â ÇÏÁö¸¸ ½ÇÁ¦·Î´Â °ÅÀÇ »ç¿ëµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
(30)¿¡¼­´Â may not¿¡ °¡Àå °¡±î¿î mightn't·Î ´ëüÇؼ­ ºÎ°¡Àǹ®¹®À» ¸¸µé ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù.
(30) It may rain tonight, mightn't it?



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11. ¿¹¹® (31-32)
(31) You must try harder, _____?
(32) He must try harder, _____?

[1] ºÎ°¡Àǹ®¹®:
(31) ¸¸µé ¼ö ¾øÀ½ (32) mustn't he?

[2] Àǹ«ÀÇ ÀǹÌÀÇ must¿Í ºÎ°¡Àǹ®¹®

must´Â mustn't¶ó´Â must notÀÇ Ãà¾àÇüÀÌ Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡ (31)¿¡¼­ ºÎ°¡Àǹ®¹®À» ¸¸µé ¼ö ¾ø´Â °ÍÀº À§¿¡¼­ ³íÀÇÇÑ Ãà¾àÇüÀÇ ¹®Á¦¿Í´Â °ü°è°¡ ¾ø´Ù.
(31)¿¡ ¾²ÀÎ must´Â °­ÇÑ Àǹ«¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»´Â Àǹ̸¦ °®´Â´Ù.
À§¿¡¼­ ºÎ°¡Àǹ®¹®ÀÇ ±â´ÉÀº µè´Â »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô µ¿ÀǸ¦ ±¸ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̶ó°í Çߴµ¥, (31)ÀÇ ¹®ÀåÀº µè´Â »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô °­ÇÑ Àǹ«¸¦ ºÎ°úÇϸ鼭 µ¿½Ã¿¡ ±×°Í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ µ¿ÀǸ¦ ±¸ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ±â´ÉÀûÀ¸·Î »óÃæµÈ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ (31)Àº ºÎ°¡Àǹ®¹®ÀÇ ±â´É°ú mustÀÇ ÀÇ¹Ì »çÀÌÀÇ Ãæµ¹ ¶§¹®¿¡ ºÎ°¡Àǹ®¹®À» ¸¸µé ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.
(32)ÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â Á¦ »ïÀÚ°¡ ±×·¸°Ô Çؾ߸¸ ÇÑ´Ù°í ¸»ÇÏ°í µè´ÂÀ̵µ µ¿ÀÇÇÏÁö ¾Ê´À³Ä°í ¹¯´Â °ÍÀ̱⠶§¹®¿¡ ±â´É»óÀÇ Ãæµ¹ÀÌ ÀϾÁö ¾Ê±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ºÎ°¡Àǹ®¹®ÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù.
(32) He must try harder, mustn't he?



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12. ¿¹¹® (33-34)
(33) That's not what you mean, _____?
(34) That's your chemistry professor, _____?

[1] ºÎ°¡Àǹ®¹®:
(33) is it? (34) isn't it?

[2] ¼³¸í

thatÀÇ ÀÎĪ´ë¸í»ç
thatÀº Á¾Á¾ Áö½Ã´ë¸í»ç¶ó ÇÏ¿© ´ë¸í»ç·Î ºÐ·ùµÇ±âµµ ÇÏÁö¸¸ ºÎ°¡Àǹ®¹®¿¡¼­´Â ¾²ÀÌÁö ¸øÇÏ°í °Å±â¿¡ »óÀÀÇÏ´Â ÀÎĪ´ë¸í»ç itÀÌ ¾²ÀδÙ.
(34)ÀÇ thatÀº »ç¶÷À» °¡¸®Å°±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ºÎ°¡Àǹ®¹®¿¡¼­ he·Î ´ëüµÉ °Í °°ÀÌ »ý°¢µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ°ÚÁö¸¸, ÀÌ °æ¿ì¿¡µµ itÀ¸·Î ¹Þ´Â´Ù.
this/thatÀÌ »ç¶÷À» °¡¸®Å°´Â °æ¿ì
this/thatÀÌ »ç¹°À» °¡¸®Å³ ¶§´Â Á־ ¸ñÀû¾î µîÀ¸·Î ¾²ÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
(34') a. I like that. (»ç¹°À» °¡¸®Å°¸é¼­)
b. That is very expensive. (»ç¹°À» °¡¸®Å°¸é¼­)


this/thatÀÌ »ç¶÷À» °¡¸®Å³ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ¹Ýµå½Ã 2Çü½Ä ¹®ÀåÀÇ ÁÖ¾îÀÚ¸®¿¡¼­ ¾²¿©¾ß ÇÏ°í ¶Ç º¸¾î°¡ ¸í»ç±¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³ª¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
(34") a. *I like that. (»ç¶÷À» °¡¸®Å°¸é¼­)
b. *This is handsome. (º¸¾î°¡ Çü¿ë»ç±¸ÀÎ °æ¿ì)
c.   That is my chemistry teacher. (º¸¾î°¡ ¸í»ç±¸ÀÎ °æ¿ì)
d. *That likes the girl. (2Çü½Ä ¹®ÀåÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ °æ¿ì)



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13. ¿¹¹® (35-37)
(35) John regrets that she likes you, _____?
(36) I think he likes you, _____?
(37) I don't think he likes you, _____?

[1] ºÎ°¡Àǹ®¹®:
(35) doesn't he? (36) doesn't he? (37) does he?

[2] ¼³¸í


º¹¹®¿¡¼­ÀÇ ºÎ°¡Àǹ®¹®
º¹¹®¿¡¼­ ºÎ°¡Àǹ®¹®Àº (35)¿¡¼­Ã³·³ ÁÖÀý¿¡¼­¸¸ µÇ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÀϹÝÀûÀÌ´Ù.
(35) a.  John regrets that she likes you, doesn't he?
b. *John regrets that she likes you, doesn't she?


think³ª suppose¿Í °°Àº ÀϺΠµ¿»çµéÀÌ 1ÀÎĪ ÁÖ¾î¿Í °°ÀÌ ÁÖÀýÀ» Çü¼ºÇÒ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ºÎ°¡Àǹ®¹®Àº Á¾¼ÓÀý¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø´Ù.
(36) I think he likes you, doesn't he?
(37) I don't think he likes you, does he?

ºÎÁ¤¾î »ó½Â
(36)°ú (37)ÀÇ Á¾¼ÓÀýÀº µÑ ´Ù ±àÁ¤Àε¥ ¿Ö (36)ÀÇ ºÎ°¡Àǹ®¹®Àº ºÎÁ¤À¸·Î (37)ÀÇ ºÎ°¡Àǹ®¹®Àº ±àÁ¤À¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â°¡?
´ÙÀ½ ¿¹¹®µéÀ» »ý°¢ÇØ º¸ÀÚ.
(38) a.  ¹Ì³ª´Â ±× ±×¸²À» ÀüÇô ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Æ.
b. *¹Ì³ª´Â ±× ±×¸²À» ÀüÇô ÁÁ¾ÆÇØ.
(39) a.  Bob didn't come until 7 p.m. last night.
b. *Bob came until 7 p.m. last night.
(40) a.  I don't think Bob came until 7 p.m. last night.
b. *I think Bob came until 7 p.m. last night.

ºÎÁ¤±Ø¼º¾î(negative polarity item)¶õ (38)ÀÇ "ÀüÇô"¿Í °°ÀÌ °°Àº Àý ³»¿¡¼­ ºÎÁ¤¾î¿Í °°ÀÌ ¾²¿©¾ß¸¸ ÇÏ´Â °ÍµéÀ» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.
(39a, b)¿¡¼­ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖµíÀÌ untilÀº "ÀüÇô"¿Í °°ÀÌ ºÎÁ¤±Ø¼º¾îÀÌ´Ù.
(39b)°¡ ºñ¹®¹ýÀû ¹®ÀåÀε¥ (39b)¸¦ Á¾¼ÓÀý·Î °®´Â (40a)°¡ ¹®¹ýÀûÀÎ ¹®ÀåÀÌ µÈ °ÍÀº Á¾¼ÓÀý¿¡ ÀÖ´Â notÀÌ ÁÖÀý·Î »ó½ÂµÇ¾ú±â ¶§¹®À̶ó°í ¸»ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î (37)ÀÇ ºÎ°¡Àǹ®¹®ÀÌ ±àÁ¤Àε¥µµ ¹®¹ýÀûÀÎ °ÍÀº ÁÖÀý¿¡ ÀÖ´Â notÀÌ ¿ø·¡´Â Á¾¼ÓÀýÀÇ notÀ̾ú´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÏ¸é ¼³¸íÀÌ µÈ´Ù.

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14. ±âŸ ºÎ°¡Àǹ®¹®
¿©±â¼­ ´Ù·é Çö»óµé ¿Ü¿¡µµ ¸¹Àº Èï¹Ì·Î¿î Çö»óµéÀÌ ÀÖÁö¸¸ ±×·¯ÇÑ Çö»óµéÀº ´ÙÀ½ ±âȸ¸¦ ÅëÇؼ­ ³íÀÇÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÑ´Ù.



   ÀÚ·á1

lion
2006/09/13

   Æ²¸°°÷ ã±â(¿µ¾îÀÚ·á)

lion
2006/09/12

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